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curricula designed to improve systems thinking) at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of education.

I follow this theme in order to provide historical context for contemporary calls by scientists and educators for wider use of systems-oriented curricula (i.e. However, tracing this history, one can see a common theme in the criticisms expressed by both parties: the failure of the existing curriculum to meet the demands presented by an increasingly complex society. History of Curriculum Development Systems Thinking ComplexityĪBSTRACT: The history of curriculum development has been characterized and a series of “crises” with the pendulum shifting between traditionalists’ call for getting back to the basics and the progressives’ focus on the learner. The Evolution of Curriculum Development in the Context of Increasing Social and Environmental Complexity Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education.